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📚 Chinese Law Library 308

The key Chinese laws and regulations that matter to you as a foreigner in China, organised into numbered chapters. Tap any law to open its full page in three languages.

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🚔 Adjudicated cases — lessons & awareness 116

Common situations (a fight, theft, forgery, a labour dispute, divorce…), which law applies, and the lesson to take away.

Illustrative, general educational examples — not real specific facts and not legal advice; for awareness only. For an actual situation, consult a licensed lawyer.
👪 Divorce in China — procedure and rights Divorce by mutual consent with the cooling-off period, and contested divorce in court.
Family & divorce民法典(婚姻家庭编)
🚔 A fight and assault — which law applies? A minor dispute escalates into a physical fight — how do the authorities treat it?
Fights, theft, forgery治安管理处罚法 / 刑法(故意伤害)
🚔 Forged documents or fraud — the consequences Buying or using forged papers (a permit, diploma, invoice) and what follows.
Fights, theft, forgery刑法(诈骗 / 伪造证件)
🛂 Overstaying your visa — what happens? The visa expired and wasn't renewed in time — what are the penalties and how to avoid them
Residence & visas出境入境管理法
🚔 Theft — the line between an infraction and a crime When is theft an administrative infraction, and when does it become a crime?
Fights, theft, forgery治安管理处罚法 / 刑法(盗窃)
👷 Unpaid wages — how to claim what you're owed An employer withholds pay — what is the fastest legal route?
Labour disputes劳动合同法 / 劳动争议调解仲裁法
🚔 Working without a permit — a risk for both sides A foreigner works on a tourist/student visa or with no work permit — what are the conseque
外国人在中国就业管理规定 / 出境入境管理法
🚔 Drugs — One Red Line, No Way Back Is it enough that you didn't touch drugs if you were present where they were used?
Fights, theft, forgery禁毒法 / Narcotics Control Law
🚔 One Drink Before Driving Can Cost You Your Stay Is 'just one drink' considered safe for driving in China?
道路交通安全法 / Road Traffic Safety Law
🏠 A Deposit Comes Back with Contracts, Not Words How do you protect your rental deposit against a vague claim of 'damage'?
Housing & rent民法典(合同编·租赁合同)/ Civil Code (Contracts — Lease)
🏢 The Unknown Supplier: A Deposit and No Goods How do you avoid paying a deposit to a factory that 'vanishes' or ships fake goods?
Contracts & trade公司法 / 民法典(合同编)/ Company Law & Civil Code (Contracts)
💡 First to File Wins — Register Your Mark Early What happens if you enter the Chinese market and find your brand name already registered b
Intellectual property商标法 / Trademark Law
👷 Unpaid Wages Come Back Through Arbitration, Not Quiet Exit Unpaid for months — do you walk away quietly or claim formally?
Labour disputes劳动合同法 / 劳动争议调解仲裁法 / Labour Contract Law & Labour Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Law
🏢 Underground Money Changers: A Shortcut to Frozen Funds Is moving a large sum through an informal 'money changer' faster and safer than a bank?
Contracts & trade外汇管理条例 / 刑法 / Foreign Exchange Regulations & Criminal Law provisions
💰 Ignoring the Annual Tax Reconciliation Leaves a Mark Can you simply ignore your annual tax filing or reconciliation without consequences?
Tax个人所得税法 / 税收征收管理法 / Individual Income Tax Law & Tax Collection Administration Law
🛂 Tired of Renewing Every Year? Consider Permanent Residence A long-term resident renewing yearly wonders if he qualifies for China's 'green card'.
Residence & visas外国人在中国永久居留管理条例 / Permanent Residence rules
🛂 A Child with a Foreign Passport the Law Sees as Chinese One parent Chinese, one foreign—so what is the nationality of their child born in China?
Residence & visas中华人民共和国国籍法 / Nationality Law
👷 A Workplace Injury—and Insurance Made the Difference A worker is injured on the job—must he bear the treatment costs himself?
Labour disputes安全生产法 / 社会保险法 / Work Safety Law & Social Insurance Law
🏢 A Sector Off-Limits to Foreigners—Using a Local 'Front' Is Risky A foreigner wants to invest in a restricted sector and registers the company under a local
Contracts & trade外商投资法 / Foreign Investment Law
🏢 Under-Declaring Value to Save on Duty—an Expensive Trap A trader declares a lower-than-real value for his imported goods—what happens at inspectio
Contracts & trade海关法 / Customs Law
🏢 Opened the Restaurant Before the License—and Got Shut Down Someone opens a small restaurant and serves customers before getting the food license—what
Contracts & trade食品安全法 / Food Safety Law
🏢 Copying a Famous Brand's Name and Packaging—Counterfeiting the Law Punishes A seller markets goods with packaging and a name resembling a famous brand to mislead buye
Contracts & trade反不正当竞争法 / 商标法 / Anti-Unfair Competition Law & Trademark Law
🏢 Defective goods from your supplier… and you are liable A reseller sold products supplied by another company; the goods turned out defective and t
Contracts & trade产品质量法 / Product Quality Law
💰 Buying a fake fapiao… a serious violation A business bought fake official invoices to inflate expenses and reduce tax, and faced pen
Tax增值税 / VAT rules
👪 Dying without a will… the estate follows a fixed order A foreigner with assets in China died without a will, so his estate passed to statutory he
Family & divorce民法典 继承编 / Civil Code — Inheritance
💡 You showed your design before filing… a rival copied it A maker displayed a new design at a fair before filing a patent; a rival copied it, and st
Intellectual property专利法 / Patent Law
💡 You used online images and music without a licence A business used images, music and software found online in its ads without a licence, and
Intellectual property著作权法 / Copyright Law
🚔 A replica gun or controlled knife… may count as a weapon A foreigner acquired a realistic replica gun or a controlled knife not realising it may co
Fights, theft, forgery枪支管理法 / Firearms Administration Law
🚔 A fake product from an online shop… and you got your refund A consumer received a fake or defective product bought online and got a refund using the w
消费者权益保护法 / Consumer Rights Protection Law
🚔 An App Using Customer Data Beyond the Stated Purpose A small app-based shop collects customers' phone numbers and addresses for delivery, then
个人信息保护法 / 数据安全法 / Personal Information Protection Law & Data Security Law
🚔 A New Resident Finds the Nearest Officially Registered Place of Worship A newly-arrived Muslim resident is unsure where to pray, asks the local community, and is
宗教事务条例 / Regulations on Religious Affairs
🚔 A Traveller Carrying Restricted Meat and Homemade Food Across the Border A traveller packs fresh meat, homemade food and some seeds; at the border these are confis
国境卫生检疫法 / 海关法 / Frontier Health and Quarantine Law & Customs Law
🚔 The Right Court and the Right Time Decide the Case One person files in the wrong court or too late and gets stuck, while another files in the
民事诉讼法 / Civil Procedure Law
🚔 Documentation After an Accident Determines the Compensation After a traffic accident, the party who documented everything (photos, police report, medi
民法典 侵权责任编 / Civil Code — Tort Liability
🚔 Lending a Real-Name Account Brings Liability A foreign resident lets someone use a SIM or account registered in his real name, or regis
网络安全法 / Cybersecurity Law
📑 A Supplier Chasing an Unpaid Invoice A supplier delivered goods to a business buyer who then delayed payment, so the supplier p
Commercial cases民法典(合同编)/ Civil Code (Contracts)
📑 Ending a Distribution Deal Between a Foreign Brand and a Local Distributor A foreign brand terminated its local distributor, who then claimed unpaid commissions and
Commercial cases民法典(合同编)/ Civil Code (Contracts)
📑 A Dispute Between Two Partners Over Control and Profits Two partners in a company disagreed over management, profit sharing and the legal represen
Commercial cases公司法 / Company Law
⚖️ An Arbitration Clause Settling a Dispute Outside Court A contract contained an arbitration clause, so when a dispute arose the parties used arbit
Dispute-resolution cases仲裁法 / Arbitration Law
⚖️ Settling a Dispute Through Mediation Before Litigation Two parties in a commercial dispute reached a settlement through mediation and put it in w
Dispute-resolution cases人民调解法 / People's Mediation Law
⚖️ Applying for Enforcement After Winning the Award A party won a judgment or arbitral award but the other side refused to pay, so the winner
Dispute-resolution cases民事诉讼法 / 仲裁法 / Civil Procedure Law & Arbitration Law
🛂 My residence permit expired while I was abroad — what now? Can you return on an expired residence permit if you travelled?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
👷 Unpaid Overtime — The Law Counts Every Hour Can your employer make you work extra hours with no extra pay?
Labour disputes工资支付暂行规定 / Interim Provisions on Payment of Wages
👷 My employer is holding my passport Can an employer keep your passport 'as security'?
Labour disputes出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
👷 Firing During Probation Is Not a Free Pass Can an employer fire you in probation just by saying you're 'not a fit'?
Labour disputes劳动合同法 / Labor Contract Law
🛂 I didn't register my address and got fined Who must register a foreigner's stay — you or the landlord?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
👷 No Written Contract — The Company Pays Double You worked months with no paper contract — what does the law give you?
Labour disputes劳动合同法 / Labor Contract Law
🛂 I started working on a tourist visa Can you switch to a work visa inside China, or must you leave first?
Residence & visas外国人在中国就业管理规定 / Rules on Employment of Foreigners
👷 'We'll Pay You Cash Instead of Insurance' — A Costly Trap Can an employer hand you cash instead of paying social insurance?
Labour disputes社会保险法 / Social Insurance Law
🛂 A deportation order — do I have any rights? What happens on deportation and can you object?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
👷 Wrongful Dismissal Equals 2N Compensation If you're fired with no lawful reason, how much is your compensation worth?
Labour disputes劳动合同法 / Labor Contract Law
👪 My child was born in China — what nationality? Does China grant nationality just for being born there?
Family & divorce中华人民共和国国籍法 / Nationality Law
👷 A Non-Compete With No Pay Doesn't Bind You Must you avoid a competitor after resigning if you get nothing in return?
Labour disputes劳动合同法 / Labor Contract Law
🏦 An app loan with crushing interest Must you pay app-loan interest above the legal cap?
Finance, banking & securities中华人民共和国民法典 / Civil Code (private lending)
👷 No Firing for Pregnancy — Special Protection for Mothers Can an employer end a worker's contract because she is pregnant?
Labour disputes妇女权益保障法 / Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests
🛂 A fake job offer to get a visa What's the risk of a sham job offer to get a permit?
Residence & visas外国人来华工作许可 / Foreigner Work Permit system
👷 Fines That Eat Your Salary — Are They Legal? Can your employer dock your pay with fines for small mistakes?
Labour disputes工资支付暂行规定 / Interim Provisions on Payment of Wages
🛡️ The gym closed and kept my prepaid balance Is your balance lost if a prepaid business shuts down?
Consumer protection中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法 / Consumer Protection Law
🏢 Business Without a License — Today's Profit, Tomorrow's Fine Can you sell your products in China without formal business registration?
Contracts & trade市场主体登记管理条例 / Regulations on Registration of Market Entities
🏢 Mixing Your Money With the Company's Strips Your Shield Does 'limited liability' still protect you if you mix personal and company funds?
Contracts & trade公司法 / Company Law
🏢 'Registered' Capital Is Not 'Paid-Up' Capital If you register a big capital but never pay it in, what do you owe when debts come?
Contracts & trade公司法 / Company Law
🏢 A Handshake Partnership — A Dispute in Waiting Two friends open a venture with no written partnership deal — who owns what?
Contracts & trade合伙企业法 / Partnership Enterprise Law
🏢 An Employee Pocketing Company Money Is a Crime, Not a 'Loan' Is an employee 'borrowing' company funds meaning to return them still a crime?
Contracts & trade刑法(职务侵占罪)/ Criminal Law (Crime of Duty Embezzlement)
📄 A Deposit Cuts Both Ways — The Double Rule If you pay a deposit and the seller backs out, do you get double back?
Contracts民法典(定金罚则)/ Civil Code (Deposit Penalty Rule)
📄 An Oral Deal Is Valid… But Prove It! Is an oral contract binding in China, and what's its real problem?
Contracts民法典(合同编)/ Civil Code (Contracts)
📄 An Excessive Penalty Clause — The Court Trims It Is a penalty clause enforced no matter how excessive?
Contracts民法典(违约金)/ Civil Code (Liquidated Damages)
📄 Force Majeure Excuses… But Not Everything When does 'force majeure' actually release you from your contract?
Contracts民法典(不可抗力)/ Civil Code (Force Majeure)
📄 The Tiny Printed Clause That Kills Your Rights — May Be Void Does a boilerplate clause bind you if they never flagged it and it strips your rights?
Contracts民法典(格式条款)/ Civil Code (Standard Terms)
👪 Dividing Property in Divorce — What's Shared, What's Separate In divorce, is everything really split down the middle?
Family & divorce民法典(婚姻家庭编)/ Civil Code (Marriage and Family)
👪 The Cooling-off Period — 30 Days Before an Agreed Divorce Can an agreed divorce in China be done in a single day?
Family & divorce民法典(离婚冷静期)/ Civil Code (Divorce Cooling-off Period)
👪 Custody and Child Support — The Child's Interest Comes First Who gets custody, and does the other parent's support duty end?
Family & divorce民法典(婚姻家庭编)/ Civil Code (Marriage and Family)
👪 A Spousal Property Agreement — Planning, Not Betrayal Can a married couple agree in writing on how to arrange their finances?
Family & divorce民法典(夫妻财产约定)/ Civil Code (Spousal Property Agreement)
👪 Supporting Parents Is a Legal Duty, Not a Choice Can an elderly parent sue their child for support?
Family & divorce老年人权益保障法 / Law on Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly
👪 A Personal Safety Protection Order — Your Shield Against Abuse What does the law offer someone facing violence at home?
Family & divorce反家庭暴力法 / Anti-Domestic Violence Law
🏠 The Landlord Can't Enter Your Flat Whenever He Likes Does a landlord have the right to enter a rented flat without your consent?
Housing & rent民法典(租赁合同)/ Civil Code (Lease Contract)
🏠 Raising Rent Mid-Lease — Not by One Side Alone Can the landlord raise the rent while the lease is still running?
Housing & rent民法典(租赁合同)/ Civil Code (Lease Contract)
🏠 Property Ownership Transfers by Registration, Not Payment You paid the full price — are you truly the owner now?
Housing & rent民法典(物权编)/ Civil Code (Property Rights)
🏠 Withholding Management Fees in Protest — May Lose You the Case Can you refuse property management fees because the service is poor?
Housing & rent物业管理条例 / Property Management Regulations
🏠 Water Leaking From the Flat Above — Who Pays? If a leak from the flat above ruins your furniture, who is liable?
Housing & rent民法典(相邻关系)/ Civil Code (Neighboring Rights)
🛡️ The 7-Day No-Reason Return Right You bought online and regret it — can you get a refund with no reason?
Consumer protection消费者权益保护法 / Consumer Rights Protection Law
🛡️ Commercial Fraud Costs the Seller Triple If a trader deceives you with a false claim, how much can you claim?
Consumer protection消费者权益保护法 / Consumer Rights Protection Law
🛡️ The Prepaid Membership Card — and the Shop Suddenly Closes You topped up a gym card and it shut down — is your money gone?
Consumer protection消费者权益保护法(预付式消费)/ Consumer Rights Protection Law (Prepaid Consumption)
🛡️ Course Tuition — Refunding What You Never Studied You paid for a full course then dropped out — how much comes back?
Consumer protection消费者权益保护法 / Consumer Rights Protection Law
🛡️ A Faulty New Car — The 'Three Guarantees' Rule Your new car keeps breaking down — can it be replaced or refunded?
Consumer protection家用汽车产品三包规定 / Rules on Repair, Replacement and Return of Family Cars
🛡️ Unsafe Food — Tenfold Compensation You found expired or harmful food — how big is your claim?
Consumer protection食品安全法 / Food Safety Law
🚔 A Street Brawl — 'Self-Defense' Has Limits If someone provokes you and you both fight, are you innocent because he 'started it'?
Fights, theft, forgery治安管理处罚法 / Public Security Administration Punishments Law
🚔 A Call 'From the Police' Demanding a Transfer — Certain Fraud Would a real official body ever call to move your money to a 'safe account'?
Fights, theft, forgery刑法(诈骗罪)/ Criminal Law (Fraud)
🚔 Lending Your Bank Card Can Make You a Criminal A friend asks to use your account for a commission — where's the danger?
Fights, theft, forgery刑法(帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪)/ Criminal Law (Aiding Cybercrime)
🚔 A 'Small Item' From a Shop — Between Offense and Crime Is stealing something cheap just a 'minor slip'?
Fights, theft, forgery治安管理处罚法 / 刑法 (Public Security / Criminal Law)
🚔 Online Defamation Is Not 'Free Speech' Does 'just an online opinion' save you from defamation liability?
Fights, theft, forgery刑法 / 民法典(名誉权)(Criminal Law / Civil Code — Reputation)
🚦 The E-Bike Is Not Above the Law Do traffic rules apply to electric bikes too?
Traffic & transport道路交通安全法 / Road Traffic Safety Law
🚦 Fleeing After an Accident Multiplies the Penalty After an accident, does fleeing make things lighter or far heavier?
Traffic & transport道路交通安全法 / 刑法 (Road Traffic Safety Law / Criminal Law)
🚦 Your Foreign License Isn't Enough to Drive in China Can you drive in China on your home or international license?
Traffic & transport道路交通安全法 / Road Traffic Safety Law
🚦 The Traffic Liability Report Is the Key to Compensation After a minor crash, why is the police report more important than arguing?
Traffic & transport道路交通安全法 / Road Traffic Safety Law
🚦 A Few Minutes' Bad Parking — Points and Fines Add Up Is parking illegally 'for just two minutes' really harmless?
Traffic & transport道路交通安全法 / Road Traffic Safety Law
🛂 Overstaying Your Visa — Every Day Has a Price You forgot to renew your stay for a few days — what's the penalty?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
🛂 Working on a Tourist Visa — Illegal Employment Can you work in China on any visa as long as you work hard?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
🛂 A Foreign Student Working — Within Limits and With Permission Can a foreign student work full-time off campus?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
🛂 Registering Your Address Within 24 Hours — An Often-Forgotten Duty You rented a flat or stayed with a friend — must you register it?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
🛂 A Visa Agent Promising a 'Quick Fix' — A Dangerous Trap Do you trust an agent promising a work visa 'with no conditions' for a fee?
Residence & visas出境入境管理法 / Exit and Entry Administration Law
⚖️ A Small Sum, a Big Dispute — Simplified Procedures Serve You Is a small debt worth the trouble of going to court?
Dispute-resolution cases民事诉讼法 / Civil Procedure Law
⚖️ A Right You Delay Claiming May Lapse — 3 Years A debt owed to you for years — can you still claim it?
Dispute-resolution cases民法典(诉讼时效)/ Civil Code (Limitation of Actions)
⚖️ Mediation Before Court — Faster and Cheaper Is litigation the only way to resolve your dispute?
Dispute-resolution cases人民调解法 / People's Mediation Law
⚖️ WeChat Chats Are Evidence — If You Preserve Them Right Are WeChat messages and transfers accepted as court evidence?
Dispute-resolution cases民事诉讼法(电子数据)/ Civil Procedure Law (Electronic Data)
💰 The 183-Day Rule — When Do You Become a Tax Resident? How long in China before your income becomes taxable here?
Tax个人所得税法 / Individual Income Tax Law
💰 Expat Allowances — Conditional Exemptions Not to Miss Is tax charged on the housing and schooling allowance your company gives you?
Tax个人所得税法 / Individual Income Tax Law
💰 Your Rental Income Is Taxable Too You rent out a spare flat — do you owe tax on the rent?
Tax个人所得税法 / Individual Income Tax Law
💰 The Official Invoice Isn't a Detail — It's an Obligation Your client asks for an official invoice — can you refuse?
Tax增值税相关规定 / Value-Added Tax Provisions
📜 Finders Are Not Keepers — The Duty to Return You found a phone or wallet — is it 'finders keepers'?
Civil Code (general rules)民法典(拾得遗失物)/ Civil Code (Found Lost Property)
📜 Guaranteeing a Friend's Loan Can Make the Debt Yours You guaranteed a friend and he defaulted — does the debt chase you?
Civil Code (general rules)民法典(保证合同)/ Civil Code (Guarantee Contract)
💡 Pirated Software in Your Company — Savings Turned to Fines Think using unlicensed software at work is an 'internal matter'?
Intellectual property著作权法 / Copyright Law
🏥 A Medical Dispute — The Legal Path, Not Chaos You believe a medical error harmed your relative — what's the right step?
Health & medicine医疗纠纷预防和处理条例 / Regulations on Prevention and Handling of Medical Disputes
🎓 An Unlicensed School — A Worthless Certificate You paid an institute promising a recognized certificate — how do you verify it?
Education民办教育促进法 / Law on Promotion of Private Education
🌱 Neighbor and Construction Noise — Your Right to Quiet Nighttime noise robs you of sleep — what does the law say?
Environment & resources噪声污染防治法 / Law on Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution
🏛️ An Administrative Fine You Find Unfair — You Can Challenge It You got a government fine you think is wrong — what can you do?
Administrative law & governance行政处罚法 / 行政复议法 (Administrative Penalty Law / Administrative Reconsideration Law)
🏦 A 'Guaranteed' High Return — A Sign of Illegal Fund-Raising An investment promising high, fixed profits with 'no risk' — do you believe it?
Finance, banking & securities防范和处置非法集资条例 / Regulations on Preventing and Dealing with Illegal Fund-Raising

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